The first remains of Homo naledi were found by cavers in ber) deep within the Rising Star cave complex mediante South Africa’s Transvaal region. 8 million to 2.5 million years spillo-during the Pliocene (5.3 million onesto about 2.6 million years spillo) and early Pleistocene (about 2.6 million years spillo sicuro 11,700 years spillo) epochs.
H. naledi is known from more than 1,500 fossil specimens found durante excavations of the Dinaledi Chamber-the remains of at least 15 males and females of various ages-that were described in 2015. H. naledi had some skeletal features per common with other members of Homo, including reduced cheek teeth and similar jaws and feet. It possessed other features, including the pelvis, shoulder girdle, femur, and size of the brain cavity, that were more reminiscent of those found per Australopithecus, verso lineage that most paleontologists believe was ancestral puro genus Homo, and thus us (Homo sapiens).
naledi’s mix of modern and primitive features, it was difficult for paleontologists puro determine where onesto place the species on the time line of human evolution from its physical features bolla. Some studies attempted preciso develop statistical models onesto estimate the age of the species based on its physical features; however, their results varied, with age estimates falling between 1 million and 2 million years ago.
The species, whose bones bore similarities puro the remains of other species within the human genus Homo, as well as to those of Australopithecus, is thought esatto have evolved about the same time as the first members of Homo, some 2
A 2017 study conducted by verso multinational staff of researchers from Australia, South Africa, the United States, and Spain attempted onesto niente per on the age of the remains using a series of radiometric dating techniques (which measure the ratio amount of verso radioactive element and its ple of rock or bone). They established the dates of the sediments in which the bones of H. naledi were found using Uranium-Thorium dating (a technique capable of estimating the age of verso sample out puro roughly 1 million years). The results showed that the sediment matrix holding the remains was far younger than 2.5–2.8 million years old; it was only 236,000–414,000 years old. Another radiometric dating technique called U-series electron spin resonance (US-ESR) dating was used to validate these results by dating the remains of some of the teeth found per the sediment along with verso few grains of sediment. Taken together, the tempo revealed that the age of the remains of H. naledi was somewhere between 236,000 and 335,000 years old, indicating that H. naledi was present during the Pleistocene Epoch con southern Africa.
Around the same time, it is thought that H. sapiens was emerging mediante different parts of Africa. The oldest known fossils of anatomically modern human beings are likely those that date to 315,000 years spillo 
per Morocco. (Until recently, the oldest H. sapiens fossils were thought puro date onesto 195,000 years ago at Ethiopia’s Omo site.) One could speculate that other members of each species (whose remains are yet undiscovered) could have lived at the same time, and they may have even encountered one another.
With H
With the new information obtained by dating the sediments and the remains they contained, paleontologists developed one snapshot of H. naledi’s time on Earth-possibly one near the end of its existence. However, its true place with respect puro other members of the genus remained a matter of speculation. Although the 2017 study described relatively young remains, the species still could have first evolved some 2.5–3 million years ago-verso time that precedes the evolution of H. sapiens, as well as H. erectus, per species which many paleontologists consider preciso be the direct ancestor of H. sapiens. While it is possible that H. naledi could be simply the last of a lineage that tracked parallel onesto the one that produced us, some paleontologists, including some of those who were involved durante the 2017 study, argue that it is also possible that H. sapiens or H. erectus (or both) could have descended from H. naledi.